The points you raised highlight the universal and timeless nature of the Sabbath as an institution that predates the Hebrews and applies to all of humanity. The Sabbath was established by God at the time of creation as a day of rest and worship, and it was intended for all people to set aside as a memorial of God’s rest after six days of creation.

The fact that the first mention of the Sabbath being observed by humans is in Exodus 16 does not mean that it was a new institution introduced exclusively for the Israelites. It simply indicates the formalization of Sabbath observance as part of the Mosaic covenant. The patriarchs, such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, were known to observe the Sabbath even before the Exodus, as evidenced by the references in Genesis to the seven-day week and their counting of time.

The Sabbath’s significance and observance were not limited to the Jewish people. Various ancient cultures, including the Babylonians and Greeks, recognized and observed a day of rest and worship like the Sabbath. This further supports the notion that the Sabbath is not exclusive to the Jews but has a broader, universal significance.

Regarding Sunday worship and its connection to the resurrection, it is important to note that the Scriptures do not clearly designate Sunday as a replacement for the Sabbath or as a commemoration of the resurrection. While Sunday holds significance as the day of Christ’s resurrection, it is communion and baptism that the Scriptures identify as the primary symbols and commemorations of Christ’s death and resurrection.

The Sabbath remains as a distinct institution that has its roots in creation and continues to hold spiritual and practical significance for believers. It provides a weekly opportunity for rest, worship, and reflection on God’s work in creation and redemption. The New Testament does not do away with the Sabbath but rather affirms its enduring nature, with Jesus Himself stating that the Sabbath was made for humanity (Mark 2:27).

In summary, the Sabbath is not limited to the Jewish people but is a universal institution established by God at creation. Its observance predates the Mosaic covenant and is a timeless reminder of God’s rest and provision. While Sunday holds significance as the day of Christ’s resurrection, it is not presented as a replacement for the Sabbath but rather as a distinct day for Christian worship and fellowship.